La v\u00e2rsta c\u0103ut\u0103rii propriei identit\u0103\u021bi, autocunoa\u015fterea este o preocupare. Descoperirea diferen\u021belor individuale de personalitate, a calit\u0103\u021bilor, ceea ce \u00eel motiveaz\u0103\u00a0 s\u0103-\u0219i descopere talentele, dar \u015fi alte informa\u0163ii valoroase care pot genera succesul \u00een atingerea planurilor de dezvoltarepresonal\u0103 \u0219i\u00a0 profesion\u0103 reprezint\u0103 un interes pentru adolescen\u021bi. Procesul de autocunoa\u015ftere debuteaz\u0103 \u00een preadolescen\u0163\u0103 acesta confrunt\u00e2ndu-se\u00a0 cu propriul eul. Preadolescentul analizeaz\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103rile \u015fi deosebirile dintre ceea ce este \u015fi ceea ce ar trebui s\u0103 fac\u0103 pentru a evolua la un moment dat, selecteaz\u0103 acomodeaz\u0103, asimileaz\u0103 modele comportamentale, norme sociale din mediul social. Adolescentul are predispozi\u021bia organismic\u0103 de a\u00a0 se cunoa\u0219te \u015fi de a se autoevalua \u00een raport cu reu\u0219itele\u00a0 sale \u015fi ale altora. Cunoa\u015fterea sinelui se manifest\u0103 prin rela\u0163ionare, comunicare, prin cuno\u015ftin\u0163ele acumulate, competen\u021bele formate \u00een \u015fcoal\u0103, \u00een facultate, pe parcursul vie\u0163ii. <\/p>\n
Specificul v\u00e2rstei adolescentine se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin poten\u021bialitatea de a avea abilit\u0103\u021bi de a diferen\u021bia, regla \u0219i r\u0103spunde la emo\u021biile tr\u0103ite, acest lucru se poate realiza prin func\u021biile de con\u0219tientizarea emo\u021bional\u0103. Con\u0219tientizarea emo\u021biilor tr\u0103ite de adolescen\u021bi sunt esen\u021biale pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea psihic\u0103 a acestora. Deficitul de con\u0219tientizare emo\u021bional\u0103 genereaz\u0103 alexitimie, care la r\u00e2ndul ei,\u00a0 poate determina tulbur\u0103ri psihiatrice \u0219i neurologice cu un efect d\u0103un\u0103tor asupra rezultatelor func\u021bional- adaptative privind comportamentul adolescentului.<\/p>\n
O stare depresiv\u0103\u00a0 adolescentin\u0103 poate genera un mecanism de coping <\/em>prin care evadeaz\u0103 dintr-o situa\u021bie social\u0103 semnificat\u0103 ca incomod\u0103 sau chiar periculoas\u0103, sentimentul de nefericire ar putea s\u0103 traduc\u0103 o schimbare \u00een dezvoltarea lor personal\u0103 \u0219i profesional\u0103, iar nevoia fireasc\u0103 de tr\u0103ire a unor\u00a0 clipe de pl\u0103cere, fericire s\u0103 inspire la adoptarea unui comportament adictiv. Studiile arat\u0103 c\u0103 mecanismele neuronale se coreleaz\u0103 cu empatia explic\u00e2nd modul \u00een care re\u021bele neuronale specifice empatiei sunt modulate diferen\u021biat de individ\u00a0 ca forme de evaluare social\u0103, cum ar fi\u00a0 simpatia \u0219i compasiunea (Thompson, 2016). Alexitimia este un construct prin care putem\u00a0 \u00een\u021belege mai bine mecanismele neuronale \u0219i func\u021biile con\u0219tientiz\u0103rii \u0219i exprim\u0103rii emo\u021bionale.<\/p>\n Deficitele privind identificarea, semnifica\u021bia \u0219i controlul emo\u021biilor sunt principalele cauze ale depresiei (Dryman & Heimberg, 2018). Abuzul din copil\u0103rie poate fi un factor \u00een manifestarea alexitimie cu impact negativ\u00a0 privind depresia ajung\u00e2ndu-se riscul de tulburare depresiv\u0103 major\u0103 \u00een v\u00e2rsta adult\u0103 (Zhou & Zhen 2022). Conform studiilor anterioare, abuzul emo\u021bional este asociat cu dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een descrierea sentimentelor iar neglijarea emo\u021bional\u0103 este asociat\u0103 cu dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een identificarea sentimentelor (Brown et al., 2018).<\/p>\n Adolescen\u021bii cu tendin\u021ba de izolare social\u0103 vor avea dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een a-\u0219i gestiona emo\u021biile \u00een a-\u0219i comunica sentimentele (Iannattone et al. 2021). Incapacitatea de a cere ajutor, \u00eei poate determina adolescen\u021bi s\u0103-\u0219i identifice \u0219i semnifice izolarea \u00een propriile lor lumi private iar autoexcluderea de la orice form\u0103 de interac\u021biune social\u0103 s\u0103 devin\u0103 unica strategie care atenueaz\u0103 disconfortul emo\u021bional tr\u0103it.<\/p>\n Dificult\u0103\u021bile adolescen\u021bilor privind\u00a0 reglarea emo\u021biilor sunt legate de deficitul de a-\u0219i controla comportamentul, atunci c\u00e2nd se confrunt\u0103 cu st\u0103ri emo\u021bionale negative adopt\u00e2nd comportamente neadecvate ce genereaz\u0103 uneori dependen\u021be, cum ar fi jocurile de noroc (Ciccarelli et al., 2020). Cercet\u0103rile stipuleaz\u0103 c\u0103 adolescen\u021bii cu un comportament adictiv privind dependen\u021ba de jocuri de noroc au exprimat mai pu\u021bine emo\u021bii implicite, cum ar fi furia \u0219i anxietatea (Guerrero-Vaca et al., 2020).\u00a0 Astfel, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea capacit\u0103\u021bilor de verbalizare a sentimentelor tr\u0103ite\u00a0 de adolescent prin aplicarea strategii de reglare a emo\u021biilor reprezint\u0103 o alternativ\u0103 la strategiile suprimatoare a emo\u021biilor.<\/p>\n Un studiu din 2022 a eviden\u021biat c\u0103 dezvoltarea rapid\u0103 a tehnologiei informa\u021biei \u0219i telecomunica\u021biilor, telefoanele mobile s-au extins rapid \u00een \u00eentreaga lume,\u00a0 iar \u00een perioada pandemic\u0103 \u0219i post pandemic\u0103 s-a intensificat,\u00a0 acest fapt a avut ca efect cre\u0219terea dimensiunilor alexitimiei prin utilizarea problematic\u0103 compulsiv\u0103 a telefonului mobil. Utilizarea compulsiv\u0103 a telefonului mobil reprezent\u00e2nd nevoia de a ob\u021bine satisfac\u021bie rapid\u0103 sus\u021binut\u0103 de dorin\u021b\u0103, dependen\u021b\u0103, toleran\u021b\u0103, sc\u0103p\u00e2nd de sub control semnifica\u021bia propriilor tr\u0103iri (Hui et al., 2022).<\/p>\n Prin apel la Modelul Interac\u021biunii Adolescent – Afect – Cogni\u021bie – Execu\u021bie, se explic\u0103 comportamentul privind utilizarea compulsiv\u0103 a telefonului mobil. Actualizat constant modelul explic\u0103 comportamentul de dependen\u021b\u0103 rezultat prin interac\u021biunile dintre variabilele predispozante, r\u0103spunsurile afective \u0219i cognitive la stimuli specifici \u0219i func\u021biile executive (Brand et al., 2019). Studiile anterioare au luat \u00een considerare \u00een principal factorii cognitivi care ar putea clarifica leg\u0103tura \u00eentre alexitimie \u0219i\u00a0 utilizarea compulsiv\u0103 a telefonului mobil (Hao & Jin, 2020), ignor\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp variabilele de personalitate \u0219i reac\u021biile cognitive ca r\u0103spuns la o situa\u021bie individual\u0103.<\/p>\n Prevalen\u021ba global\u0103 a alexitimiei la adolescen\u021bi este 18%\u00a0 din\u00a0 popula\u021bia total\u0103, cu rate mai mari la \u00eenceputul adolescen\u021bei. Unele studii prezint\u0103\u00a0 rate mai mari de alexitimie la fete, comparativ cu b\u0103ie\u021bii aceste rate se inverseaz\u0103 \u00een\u00a0 la perioada adult\u0103.\u00a0 Conform studiului din 2019\u00a0 perioada de pubertate \u0219i adolescen\u021b\u0103 este legat\u0103 de dificult\u0103\u021bile crescute de identificare \u0219i descriere a sentimentelor la adolescente, \u00een timp ce la adolescen\u021bi este asociat cu g\u00e2ndirea orientat\u0103 spre exterior.\u00a0 Astfel adolescen\u021ba este un factor important pentru identificarea alexitimiei (Van der Cruijsen et al., 2019).<\/p>\n A\u0219adar, analizarea factorilor determinan\u021bi \u00een dezvoltarea alexitimiei la adolescen\u021bi, expu\u0219i \u00een contexte situa\u021bionale de risc este o perspectiv\u0103 de cercetare. Consecin\u0163ele emo\u021bional-comportamentale manifestate prin deficitul de identificare, semnificare a emo\u021biilor, g\u00e2ndire orientat\u0103 spre exterior la\u00a0 adolescen\u021bi poate avea\u00a0 impact \u00een blocarea cognitiv-afectiv\u0103 manifestat\u0103 prin credin\u0163e ira\u021bionale.<\/p>\n \u00cen acest sens, un studiul privind manifestare alexitimiei la adolescen\u021bi prin raportare la\u00a0 factori semnificativi cum ar fi, tr\u0103s\u0103turile individuale de personalitate, mecanisme de coping cognitiv adoptate, tipuri de\u00a0 autoeficacitate\u00a0 general\u0103 \u0219i specific\u0103 formate \u00een contexte situa\u021bionale de risc este necesar \u00een scopul alegerii celor mai eficiente metode de consiliere psihologic\u0103 \u0219i programe de psihoterapie adecvate.<\/p>\n Bibliografie<\/strong><\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" La v\u00e2rsta c\u0103ut\u0103rii propriei identit\u0103\u021bi, autocunoa\u015fterea este o preocupare. Descoperirea diferen\u021belor individuale de personalitate, a calit\u0103\u021bilor, ceea ce \u00eel motiveaz\u0103\u00a0 s\u0103-\u0219i descopere talentele, dar \u015fi alte informa\u0163ii valoroase care pot genera succesul \u00een atingerea planurilor de dezvoltarepresonal\u0103 \u0219i\u00a0 profesion\u0103 reprezint\u0103 … Cite\u0219te continuarea
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