{"id":6572,"date":"2018-01-16T07:30:52","date_gmt":"2018-01-16T05:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/?p=6572"},"modified":"2018-01-08T18:14:41","modified_gmt":"2018-01-08T16:14:41","slug":"educatia-interculturala-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/educatia-interculturala-2","title":{"rendered":"Educa\u0163ia intercultural\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Educa\u0163ia intercultural\u0103 poate p\u0103rea, la o prim\u0103 vedere, o preten\u0163ie idealist\u0103, artificial\u0103, un lucru la mod\u0103. Dar aceasta preg\u0103te\u015fte omul pentru a tr\u0103i \u020bmpreun\u0103 cu ceilal\u0163i, element definitoriu pentru educa\u0163ie \u020bn general.<br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Oamenii sunt diferi\u0163i \u020bntre ei, iar \u020bntreaga lume este afectat\u0103 de cre\u015fterea atitudinilor rasiste, de ostilitate \u015fi de intoleran\u0163\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de minorit\u0103\u0163i, fa\u0163\u0103 de ceea ce ne diferen\u0163iaz\u0103. Prezen\u0163a diferen\u0163elor poate conduce la indiferen\u0163\u0103 \u015fi dezinteres; de aici ivindu-se discriminarea \u015fi intoleran\u0163a.<\/p>\n<p>Educa\u0163ia intercultural\u0103 se poate desf\u0103\u015fura \u020bn mod eficient numai \u020bntr-o institu\u0163ie ce are inclus\u0103 \u020bn cultura organiza\u0163ional\u0103 valoarea democra\u0163iei \u015fi a respectului pentru diversitate. \u020an \u015fcoal\u0103, educa\u0163ia intercultural\u0103 presupune interdisciplinaritate \u015fi se poate reg\u0103si \u020bn orice domeniu de studiu \u015fi poate beneficia de metode diverse de formare.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru ca \u015fcoala s\u0103 preg\u0103teasc\u0103 tinerii pentru integrarea \u020bn societatea actual\u0103, multietnic\u0103 \u015fi multicultural\u0103, este nevoie ca profesorii s\u0103 fie forma\u0163i \u020bn mod adecvat; din acest motiv ar trebui s\u0103 se reg\u0103seasc\u0103 \u020bn programele pentru formarea cadrelor didactice valorile educa\u0163iei interculturale.<\/p>\n<p>Cadrul didactic se afl\u0103 \u020bn fa\u0163a unei provoc\u0103ri, deoarece trebuie s\u0103 dob\u0203ndeasc\u0103 o serie de competen\u0163e generale \u015fi specifice care implic\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u020bnv\u0103\u0163area unor noi perspective \u00een abordarea cunoa\u015fterii;<\/li>\n<li>elaborarea unor noi metode de predare;<\/li>\n<li>descoperirea unor noi modalit\u0103\u0163i de a lucra \u015fi de a crea noi tipuri de rela\u0163ii profesionale\u00a0 at\u0203t cu ceilal\u0163i colegi, c\u0203t \u015fi cu elevii;<\/li>\n<li>adoptarea unui model de predare bazat pe g\u0203ndirea critic\u0103 \u015fi dezvoltarea competen\u0163elor \u020bn aceea\u015fi m\u0103sur\u0103 ca \u015fi pe transmiterea cuno\u015ftin\u0163elor, pe cooperare \u015fi colaborare, pe autonomie profesional\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sim\u0163im pe propria piele c\u0103 tr\u0103im \u020bntr-o societate dinamic\u0103 pentru c\u0103 apar\u0163inem unor grupuri entice diferite, avem culturi religioase \u015fi lingvistice diferite.\u00a0 Toate aceste diferen\u0163e trebuie private ca surse ale dezvolt\u0103rii personale \u015fi comunitare \u015fi nu ca surs\u0103 de pericol, disconfort sau tensiuni.<\/p>\n<p>Caracterizat\u0103 prin interac\u0163iune, schimb, comunicare, cooperare, dep\u0103\u015firea barierelor culturale, solidaritate, \u020bncredere \u015fi respect reciproc, educa\u0163ia intercultural\u0103 \u201e<em>este o abordare a procesului de predare-\u020bnv\u0103\u0163are bazat\u0103 pe valori \u015fi credin\u0163e democratice care \u020bncearc\u0103 s\u0103 promoveze pluralismul cultural \u020bn contextual unor societ\u0103\u0163i diverse ale unei lumi independente<\/em>\u201d. (L. Ciolan, 2000, p.21)<\/p>\n<p>Fiind o educa\u0163ie a rela\u0163iilor interpersonale, finalit\u0103\u0163ile educa\u0163iei interculturale ar putea fi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cre\u015fterea eficien\u0163ei rela\u0163iilor interculturale;<\/li>\n<li>m\u0103rirea gradului de toleran\u0163\u0103 \u015fi acceptare fa\u0163\u0103 de cei diferi\u0163i;<\/li>\n<li>preg\u0103tirea persoanelor pentru a percepe, a ccepta \u015fi respecta diversitatea pentru medierea raporturilor sociale;<\/li>\n<li>\u020bn\u0163elegerea la nivel intercultural \u015fi interna\u021bional;<\/li>\n<li>recunoa\u015fterea \u015fi respectul diferen\u0163elor culturale;<\/li>\n<li>negarea rasismului \u015fi a xenofobiei;<\/li>\n<li>drepturi umane \u015fi cet\u0103\u0163ene\u015fti egale;<\/li>\n<li>oportunit\u0103\u0163i egale la nivel educational;<\/li>\n<li>acces la cunoa\u015ftere \u015fi instruire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Multe cadre didactice reu\u015fesc s\u0103 eviden\u0163ieze elemente de interculturalitate ce se reg\u0103sesc \u020bn con\u0163inutul disciplinelor \u015fi \u020b\u015fi educ\u0103 elevii din aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103. Iat\u0103 c\u0203teva exemple detexte sau activit\u0103\u0163i care vin \u020bn sprijinul aprofund\u0103rii \u015fi con\u015ftientiz\u0103rii educa\u0163iei interculturale:<\/p>\n<p><em>Limb\u0103 \u015fi comunicare<\/em><br \/>\n\u2022 Clasa I, II &#8211; \u201ePovestea ursului cafeniu\u201d, de V. Colin<br \/>\n\u2022 Clasa a IV \u2013a &#8211; \u201eBunicul \u015fi cele patru rase\u201d, de N. St\u0103nescu<\/p>\n<p><em>Om \u015fi societate<\/em><br \/>\n\u2022 Texte care ating subiectele de interes pe \u020bn\u0163elesul elevilor, \u00een concordan\u0163\u0103 cu dezvoltarea psihic\u0103 \u015fi emo\u0163ional\u0103<\/p>\n<p><em>Matematic\u0103 \u015fi \u015ftiin\u0163e<\/em><br \/>\n\u2022 Istoria con\u0163inuturilor matematice \u2013 referiri la originea conceptelor, a proceselor, la contribu\u0163iile diferitelor culturi, la constituirea con\u0163inuturilor matematice ( cifre arabe, cifre romane)<br \/>\n\u2022 Personalit\u0103\u0163i \u020bn domeniu<br \/>\n\u2022 Valorile presupuse ale limbajului matematic<br \/>\n\u2022 Via\u0163a cotidian\u0103 \u2013 exploatarea exemplelor practice, reflec\u0163ii asupra rolului matematicii \u020bn via\u0163a de zi cu zi.<\/p>\n<p>\u020an concluzie, educa\u0163ia intercultural\u0103 este unul dintre principalele instrumente cu ajutorul c\u0103ruia indivizii \u015fi societ\u0103\u0163ile sunt preg\u0103tite s\u0103 fie atente la dimensiunea cultural\u0103 a existen\u0163ei lor.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Bibliografie:<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n&#8211; B\u0203rlogeanu, L \u2013 Strategii identitare \u015fi interculturalitate \u020bn spa\u0163iul rom\u0203nesc, Ed. Humanitas Educa\u0163ional, Bucure\u015fti, 2005.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ciolan, L \u2013 Pa\u015fi c\u0103tre \u015fcoala intercultural\u0103 \u2013 Ghid de educa\u0163ie intercultural\u0103 pentru cadre didactice, Editura Corint, Bucure\u015fti, 2000.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Educa\u0163ia intercultural\u0103 poate p\u0103rea, la o prim\u0103 vedere, o preten\u0163ie idealist\u0103, artificial\u0103, un lucru la mod\u0103. Dar aceasta preg\u0103te\u015fte omul pentru a tr\u0103i \u020bmpreun\u0103 cu ceilal\u0163i, element definitoriu pentru educa\u0163ie \u020bn general.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[683],"class_list":["post-6572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole-propuse","tag-mihaela-coman1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6572","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6572"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6600,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6572\/revisions\/6600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6572"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}