{"id":9638,"date":"2020-06-19T17:40:21","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T14:40:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/?p=9638"},"modified":"2020-06-25T07:15:21","modified_gmt":"2020-06-25T04:15:21","slug":"platforme-educationale-pentru-invatarea-fundamentelor-internationale-ale-informaticii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/platforme-educationale-pentru-invatarea-fundamentelor-internationale-ale-informaticii","title":{"rendered":"Platforme educa\u021bionale pentru \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea fundamentelor interna\u021bionale ale informaticii"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Utilizarea dispozitivelor IT \u00een procesul instructiv-educativ au la baz\u0103 con\u0219tientizarea impactului pe care-l au noile tehnologii at\u00e2t \u00een mediul \u0219colar, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een mediul social \u0219i personal al elevilor, \u00eenc\u0103 din primi ani de \u0219coal\u0103. Platformele educa\u021bionale, introduse \u00een activit\u0103\u021bile desf\u0103\u0219urate la clas\u0103 au un impact puternic asupra strategiilor didactice \u0219i a dezvolt\u0103rii unor noi forme de organizare a instruirii.<br \/>\nArticolul este un rezumat al utiliz\u0103rii unor platforme educa\u021bionale \u00een procesul instructiv-educativ la clas\u0103 \u0219i este totodat\u0103 un \u00eendemn adresat cadrelor didactice, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul primar de a include no\u021biuni informatice \u00een predarea-evaluarea elevilor. Informatica poate crea acea subtil\u0103 punte de leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i art\u0103. De aceea, platformele educa\u021bionale care folosesc elemente de programare, se \u00eenscriu \u00een tendin\u021bele generate de utilizarea noilor tehnologii informa\u021bionale. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>De\u0219i menirea profesorului este \u201ede a st\u00e2rni dragostea de lectur\u0103, patima pentru carte, sfiiciunea nobil\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba ideii de frumos\u201d, cum zice Nichita St\u0103nescu, platformele educa\u021bionale digitale sprijin\u0103 dob\u00e2ndirea competen\u021bei cheie stabilite la nivel european, \u0219i anume competen\u021ba digital\u0103 (abr. TSI \u2013 tehnologia societ\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei). Sau, poate, cu at\u00e2t mai mult.<\/p>\n<p>Informatica poate crea acea subtil\u0103 punte de leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i art\u0103\u2026 De aceea platformele educa\u021bionale care folosesc elemente de programare, se \u00eenscriu \u00een tendin\u021bele generate de utilizarea noilor tehnologii informa\u021bionale\u2026<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pledoarie pentru utilizarea platformelor online<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Utilizarea platformelor educa\u021bionale online, ofer\u0103 o serie de avantaje \u00een procesul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>creeaz\u0103 spa\u021biul perfect pentru lucrul \u00een echip\u0103; elevii \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i exprime creativitatea, s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i antreneze g\u00e2ndirea critic\u0103 \u00een rezolvarea problemelor \u0219i \u00een luarea deciziilor;<\/li>\n<li>faciliteaz\u0103 crearea unei rela\u021bii mai apropiate \u0219i profunde \u00eentre cadrul didactic \u0219i elevi;<\/li>\n<li>face ca \u00eent\u00e2lnirea dintre cadrul didactic \u0219i elev s\u0103 fie pl\u0103cut\u0103, antrenant\u0103, satisf\u0103c\u0103toare de ambele p\u0103r\u021bi;<\/li>\n<li>ajut\u0103 elevii s\u0103 fac\u0103 leg\u0103turi \u00eentre teorie \u0219i experien\u021ba lor de via\u021b\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>permite \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea personalizat\u0103(diferen\u021bierea), deoarece elevul tr\u0103ie\u0219te o experien\u021b\u0103 personal\u0103 pe care o valideaz\u0103 \u0219i valorific\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>creeaz\u0103 un mediu de siguran\u021b\u0103 pentru elevi, s\u0103 exploreze, f\u0103r\u0103 frica de e\u0219ec;<\/li>\n<li>cre\u0219te motiva\u021bia elevilor pentru \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u0219i \u00een afar\u0103 orelor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lucrul \u00een echip\u0103 presupune cooperare, negociere, ascultarea activ\u0103 \u0219i \u00een\u021belegerea nevoilor celorlal\u021bi componen\u021bi ai echipei. Prin crearea de contexte pentru elevi s\u0103 lucreze \u00een echip\u0103, ace\u0219tia au ocazia s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i exprime opiniile, s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be c\u0103 este \u00een regul\u0103 s\u0103 gre\u0219easc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i exerseze creativitatea pentru a g\u0103si \u00eempreun\u0103 solu\u021bii la sarcinile pe care le au de rezolvat.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urarea lucrului \u00een echipe, elevii trebuie \u00eencuraja\u021bi s\u0103 ofere feedback. Cadrul didactic trebuie s\u0103 creeze contexte \u00een care elevii s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 ofere feedback, deoarece aceasta poate s\u0103 aduc\u0103 beneficii precum:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00een\u021belegere mai clar\u0103 a procesului lor de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare, ce progrese au f\u0103cut, ce mai au de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat &#8211; poate ajuta elevii s\u0103 se autoevalueze, s\u0103 accepte feedbackul \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i g\u0103seasc\u0103 modalit\u0103\u021bi personalizate cum s\u0103 \u00eel foloseasc\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>cre\u0219terea motiva\u021biei pentru \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare;<\/li>\n<li>utilizat corect, pune accentul pe ce poate fi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit \u0219i g\u0103sirea de solu\u021bii, \u0219i nu pe gre\u0219eli;<\/li>\n<li>ofer\u0103 spa\u021biu elevilor s\u0103 exerseze cum s\u0103 comunice clar, concis, s\u0103 ofere o p\u0103rere constructiv\u0103, cu empatie;<\/li>\n<li>cre\u0219te \u00eencrederea \u00een sine \u0219i creeaz\u0103 un spa\u021biu de siguran\u021b\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Realitatea \u00een \u0219colile din Rom\u00e2nia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen momentul de fa\u021b\u0103, materia \u201dInformatic\u0103 \u0219i TIC\u201d este \u00een trunchiul comun pentru clasele a V-a, a VI-a \u0219i a VII-a. Drept urmare, \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul preuniversitar, \u00eenc\u0103 vin elevi care nu au studiat materia amintit\u0103, nici m\u0103car sub o alt\u0103 form\u0103\/denumire ca op\u021bional la clas\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Programa \u0219colar\u0103 pentru materia Informatic\u0103, clasa a IX-a, filier\u0103 teoretic\u0103, profil real, specializarea \u0218tiin\u021be ale naturii, propune definirea unor no\u021biuni teoretice de specialitate (algoritm, expresii, structuri, etc.) care sunt greu de \u00een\u021beles pentru majoritatea elevilor.<\/p>\n<p>Am \u00eencercat (la nivel experimental) utilizarea anumitor platforme online \u00een explicarea\/ asimilarea unor no\u021biuni teoretice, specifice materiei Informatic\u0103, care s\u0103 aib\u0103 \u0219i conota\u021bii interdisciplinare sau transdisciplinare.<\/p>\n<p>Modele de fi\u0219\u0103 transdisciplinar\u0103 (TIC &#8211; Informatic\u0103 &#8211; Matematic\u0103) pentru elevi cu \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 CES realizat la o or\u0103 \u00eenregistrat\u0103 \u00een EU CODE WEEK 2019 se g\u0103sesc la adresele:<br \/>\n\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/edinatimb.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/10\/studio.code_.org_.artist_fisa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">edinatimb.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/10\/studio.code_.org_.artist_fisa.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/edinatimb.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/10\/studio.code_.org_.artist_fisa_ces.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">edinatimb.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/10\/studio.code_.org_.artist_fisa_ces.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Platform\u0103 online<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O platform\u0103 util\u0103 pentru a pune bazele g\u00e2ndirii computa\u021bionale este <a href=\"https:\/\/studio.code.org\/courses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studio.code.org\/courses<\/a>. Exist\u0103 4 cursuri, organizate gradual, pe particularit\u0103\u021bi de v\u00e2rst\u0103, toate cuprinse \u00een <em>Fundamentele informaticii<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-9647\" src=\"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image001-1024x426.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"584\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image001-1024x426.png 1024w, https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image001-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image001-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image001-500x208.png 500w, https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image001.png 1047w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cursurile sunt structurate astfel:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022<em> Cursul 1<\/em> este recomandat copiilor cu v\u00e2rste cuprinse \u00eentre 4\u20136 ani sau elevilor din clasa preg\u0103titoare.\u00a0 Lec\u021biile cursului \u00eei vor ajuta pe elevi s\u0103 \u00eenve\u0163e s\u0103 colaboreze unii cu al\u021bii, s\u0103-\u0219i dezvolte abilit\u0103\u0163ile de rezolvare a problemelor \u015fi s\u0103 persevereze prin sarcini dificile.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <em>Cursul 2<\/em> este conceput pentru elevii care pot citi \u015fi nu au nici o experien\u0163\u0103 anterioar\u0103 de programare. Parcurg\u00e2nd lec\u021biile acestui curs elevii vor crea programe pentru a rezolva probleme \u015fi vor dezvolta jocuri sau pove\u015fti interactive.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <em>Cursul 3<\/em> este conceput pentru elevii care au parcurs Cursul 2. Elevii vor aprofunda subiectele introduse \u00een cursurile anterioare, pentru a le adapta la solu\u0163ii pentru probleme mai complexe de programare. La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul acestui curs, elevii vor crea pove\u0219ti \u0219i jocuri interactive.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <em>Cursul 4<\/em> este conceput pentru elevii care au parcurs cursurile 2 \u0219i 3. Ei vor \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 cum s\u0103 abordeze puzzle-uri de complexit\u0103\u021bi sporite prin combinarea mai multor concepte atunci c\u00e2nd rezolv\u0103 fiecare provocare. P\u00e2n\u0103 la terminarea acestui curs, elevii vor crea programe care s\u0103 pun\u0103 \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 aptitudini multiple, inclusiv bucle \u0219i func\u021bii cu parametri.<\/p>\n<p>La finalul oric\u0103rui curs, elevii vor primi diplome(\u00een englez\u0103 sau rom\u00e2n\u0103) care certific\u0103 completarea tuturor lec\u021biilor \u0219i competen\u021bele dob\u00e2ndite.<\/p>\n<p>Fiindc\u0103 am clase unde exist\u0103 elevi cu cerin\u021be educa\u021bionale speciale(CES) con\u021binutul primului curs, de\u0219i este dedicat copiilor mici, pre\u0219colari, l-am aplicat cu succes acestor elevi.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-9648\" src=\"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image013-300x182.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image013-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image013-495x300.jpg 495w, https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/image013.jpg 571w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Beneficiile unei platforme educa\u021bionale<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Platforma amintit\u0103 permite vizualizarea progresului fiec\u0103rui elev \u00eenscris \u00eentr-un curs creat de profesor.\u00a0Pentru a crea un curs, profesorul trebuie s\u0103 parcurg\u0103 urm\u0103torii pa\u0219i:<\/p>\n<p>1. Crearea unui cont pe studio.code.org. Pe pagina principal\u0103 ve\u021bi g\u0103si butonul Autentificare. Dac\u0103 nu ave\u021bi cont v\u0103 crea\u021bi unul ap\u0103s\u00e2nd pe butonul \u201dCreeaz\u0103 un cont\u201d. Conectarea pe contul creat se face prin emailul personal \u0219i o parol\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>2. Dup\u0103 conectare, pe Panoul meu principal ve\u021bi g\u0103si Sec\u021biuni de clas\u0103, unde ave\u021bi posibilitatea de a crea o sec\u021biune nou\u0103, ap\u0103s\u00e2nd pe butonul Creeaz\u0103 sec\u021biune.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2teva recomand\u0103ri \u00een crearea sec\u021biunilor la clas\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi profesor la ciclul primar\/gimnaziu\/liceu, pentru fiecare clas\u0103 crea\u021bi c\u00e2te o sec\u021biune nou\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>dac\u0103 nu dispune\u021bi de suficiente calculatoare \u00een laborator sau dori\u021bi ca elevii s\u0103 lucreze \u00een echip\u0103, pute\u021bi alege Permite programarea \u00een perechi, astfel elevii pot lucra \u00een pereche, partaj\u00e2nd \u0219i progresul.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Un beneficiu aparte la crearea unei sec\u021biuni de curs este faptul c\u0103 profesorul poate alege, \u00een func\u021bie de particularit\u0103\u021bile de v\u00e2rsta a elevilor s\u0103i, modul \u00een care elevii vor fi ad\u0103uga\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>4. Dup\u0103 crearea sec\u021biunii, cursul va avea un cod format din 6 litere, scrise cu majuscule.<br \/>\nElevii trebuie \u0219i ei s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i creeze conturi urm\u00e2nd aceea\u0219i pa\u0219i ca \u0219i profesorul. Pentru ca ei s\u0103 se \u00eenscrie \u00eentr-o sec\u021biune, profesorul trebuie s\u0103 distribuie codul sec\u021biunii. \u00cen func\u021bie de op\u021biunea aleas\u0103(autentificare cu imagine, cu cuvinte sau cu emailuri), dup\u0103 \u00eenscrierea elevilor \u00een sec\u021biune ace\u0219tia vor ap\u0103rea pe panoul de progres.<\/p>\n<p>Un alt beneficiu al acestei platforme este faptul c\u0103 \u00een panoul de progres profesorul poate vedea modul \u00een care lec\u021biile sunt parcurse de c\u0103tre fiecare elev \u00eenscris. Nivelul de completare cu verde semnific\u0103 rezolvarea integral\u0103 a problemelor:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Concluzii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prin includerea \u00een actul educa\u021bional a platformelor\/ softurilor digitale, de la v\u00e2rste foarte mici,\u00a0 am \u00eencercat \u0219i am avut dorin\u021ba de a cunoa\u0219te valorificarea poten\u0163ialului mediului virtual de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u015fi a suportului informa\u0163ional pe care \u00eel ofer\u0103 tehnologia, asupra modalit\u0103\u0163ilor de sprijinire a acestora \u00een activitatea didactic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Platformele digitale de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163are au un scop educa\u0163ional \u00een sine. Nu trebuie neglijat\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 valoarea ad\u0103ugata de cadrul didactic, prin integrarea adecvat\u0103 a acestor resurse \u00een activitatea de predare-\u00eenv\u0103\u0163are-evaluare.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Bibliografie<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/predauviitor.ro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">predauviitor.ro<\/a>, con\u021binutul cursului 5.2. \u00cenv\u0103\u021barea experen\u021bial\u0103 la clas\u0103<br \/>\n\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/studio.code.org\/courses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studio.code.org\/courses<\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sucitoruldeminti.ro\/atelier-didactic\/feedback-ul-in-clasa-de-elevi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.sucitoruldeminti.ro\/atelier-didactic\/feedback-ul-in-clasa-de-elevi\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Utilizarea dispozitivelor IT \u00een procesul instructiv-educativ au la baz\u0103 con\u0219tientizarea impactului pe care-l au noile tehnologii at\u00e2t \u00een mediul \u0219colar, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een mediul social \u0219i personal al elevilor, \u00eenc\u0103 din primi ani de \u0219coal\u0103. Platformele educa\u021bionale, introduse \u00een activit\u0103\u021bile &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/platforme-educationale-pentru-invatarea-fundamentelor-internationale-ale-informaticii\">Cite\u0219te continuarea <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[1175],"class_list":["post-9638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tic","tag-edina-timb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9638"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9638\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9649,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9638\/revisions\/9649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iteach.ro\/experientedidactice\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}